Plane: vehicle is heavier than air engine can fly in the air
Depending on the lifting force generated on their wings.
We mentioned in the definition that the planes are heavier than air vehicles
Compared with other vehicles Kalmntad balloon bird or Hovercraft
Both are lighter than air and that's what makes the air is able to carry them without the presence of wings.
Integrated aircraft
There are other types considered Kalhaylocpetr heavier than air, but the aircraft
Differ from vehicles heavier than other air that crosses its wings
And control surfaces and moving parts in each of the wing and tail,
These parts are able to guide the flight and momentum, they also have engines
Especially in order to achieve aviation or aviation regular ups and downs.
Integrated aircraft
Modern aircraft ranging between lightweight aircraft which
Not weighing more than 46 kg and designed to carry only a pilot, aircraft
Jumbo giant and capable of carrying several hundred passengers or several
Hundreds of tons of payload, and weighs almost 454 tons aircraft.
Integrated aircraft
Sometimes planes are initialized Purpose allocated, currently there are the so-called
Briaalta planes take off from the ground and landing directly on the ground and aircraft
Navy planes taking off and landing from the water and amphibious aircraft
Which can take off and land on either land or water, and aircraft
Take-off and vertical landing as a result of paying off gases from jet
Rotary engines or engines to its wings Aldoarhoa tacking
So that it puffs gases down or wing, which is
Revolves around the long axis so that the engines for higher pay instead of
Omamopad have quit depends on the airline by its wings.
How to fly the plane
Fly planes because of their wings to bring the forces of a Lift Lifting forces
Destined for the top of the plane.
When air passes around the wings are the wings to change the direction of the air,
The distinctive form of the suite has the ability to make a force capable of lifting
Plane and called leverage Lift Force,
The cross section of the pavilion takes the form of eyebrow that any Mottagar
Thus, the longer the top surface of the bottom surface of the wing.
Produces a lifting force in the foundation because of the plane's wings push air which passes
Down beside her,
And in response to the air by the air wing of the higher pay.
There are the so-called angle of attack Angle of Attack, a corner of which
Made by the wing with the air stream flowing see graphic demonstration last page,
There is also what is called as the edge of the attack, a Leading Edge Edge
The front of the wing that are confronting the air, and there is also the edge of the escape or backs
Trailing Edge, a rear edge of the wing, which leaves
Then the air wing, in cross section are both edges of the attack and flee
Represented by only two points at the top of the wing section and in the buttocks.
Integrated aircraft
When the aircraft is in the process of quitting or flight level, the edge
Attack of the wing be higher than the edge of the escape or the edge of the backs.
And when it moves through the air wing of the angle of attack to pay to air
The bottom of the wing. Higher air flowing down the wing deviates too
It glides on the shape of the wing specially designed.
The increased angle of attack leads to an increase in lifting force on the wing because this
Leads to a larger deviation of air downward, but the extent of this increase
After turning the wing into the state of collapse, and we will discuss this situation with
After that, God willing.
The third law of the laws of motion formulated by English physicist Isaac Newton
He says that: Every action has a reaction equal to the amount and Ieksh in direction.
In this case, push the wings of air to the bottom is a verb, while paying
Air wings to the top of the reaction is, this is what causes the lift of the plane
And the vertical force of the highest in the plane
Integrated aircraft
Leverage can be explained also by the principles of Bernoulli and which provides that:
When rapid movement of fluid such as air pressure it is under less pressure
Which exposed him in the case of slow motion of fluid.
Integrated aircraft
High-speed lead to pressure a little, and lead to a low-speed compression
High as a result of the fact that the upper surface of the wing is smaller than the lower surface of the wing
As a result of the concavity of the air wing of the plane's wing moves higher
More quickly and less pressure him under the wing, under high pressure
Wing lead to the lifting wing, and so can find a lifting force generated
Equations derived from the principles of Bernoulli.
Fundamental forces acting on the plane
Integrated aircraft
1 - Leverage Lift Force and one of the four major powers
Affect on the plane, as has been mentioned above how to generate this power.
2 - Weight: Weight is a force opposite of leverage because it affects the direction of the power of contrasts
Lifting, must be overcome by the weight of the aircraft leverage resulting from
The wings, if the plane weighs 4.5 tons, the leverage resulting from
The wings must be greater than 4.5 tonnes to be able to plane
Quitting the Earth. Must be strong in wing design
Enough to lift the plane off the ground.
3 - Payment: Thrust is the force that drive the plane forward, created through
Payment clause, whether fans and one fan in the foreground or more
Alojnhho on the jet or a combination of both.
4 - traction: Drag affect the entire plane is the fourth power of traction or disability,
And generate any traction because the movement of fluid through the body Kaabor plane in the air
Cause friction and they should displace the fluid out of her way. Lifting surface
Top of the wing - for example - generates a lifting force is very good,
But because of its sheer size, it also generates a significant amount of
Traction, and that's why fighter planes and bombers be
Narrow wings, and on the contrary; the planes spraying
- And that fly relatively slow speeds - may be of great wings and thick
Because of high leverage is more important than the amount of traction accompanying her. Smaller force
Traction in the aircraft through the sleek aerodynamic design of the aircraft,
Sliding forms and facilitates the movement of the aircraft through the air.
The challenge is to establish aviation balance between these four powers.
When the payment is the largest payment of traction increases the speed of the plane.
When the leverage is greater than the power of the aircraft weight will rise.
And using the "control surfaces" Control Surfaces and "payment systems" different,
Pilot can Alkaptnan manages the process of balance between these four powers to change
Direction and speed,
For example: pilot can reduce the momentum in order to slow down or fall,
It can also reduce the "arm landing" the plane's wheels or in the Landing Gear
Air stream and publish eyebrows landing on the wings to increase Spoilers
Traction which occurs with the effect of reducing the payment. Pilot can increase the payment and that
By combining arm landing and landing eyebrows either to increase or speed of the rise.
The structure of the plane
Integrated aircraft
A - fuselage hull plane:
Integrated aircraft
The fuselage is the main chamber hull or plane. Often contains
Fuselage:
Department cockpit cockpit driving at the front end, where the pilot controls the aircraft.
Department cabin cabin: The cabin section is designed to transport passengers
Or cargo or both.
The fuselage in fighter aircraft depot
Engines, fuel and electronics and some of the weapons.
In aircraft such as the glider plane or ultralight airplane
A plane with one seat or two seats may be not be the body Taúrhokther
Structure of small up wing and tail and the cockpit and engines.
Integrated aircraft
B - the wings: Wings
Integrated aircraft
Integrated aircraft
Each aircraft - by definition - have wings, but some of them have almost
A two wings with only a small cabin, and others have wings
Kalmcoc small space.
Before the twentieth century, the wings are made of chips and rafters
And covered with cloth woven fabric thoroughly and are coated varnishing
To stand up to the extreme.
Traditional wing consists of casual Spar extended from wing tip
To the other party, and there - perpendicular to the bar - a series of chips
Ribs and which extends from the front edge of the wing of the attack or the front edge
And even the rear edge of the wing to flee or rear edge.
Must be carefully constructed these suites to give wing shape according to the shape
Who decides aerodynamic properties of leverage.
I've managed to use the wings of wood and canvas, often in the structure of the aircraft because of the lightness
Relative weight and high durability, use as linen
In the manufacture of the wing cover.
The aircraft is a primitive biplane aircraft wings often
What, one above the other is based distance of 1.5 meters from 5 to 6 feet,
However, the early pioneers of the planes they saw that they could build wings Khven
Relatively easily and use wires to connect the upper wing wing
Bottom so as to create a strong structure, and through pushing the amount of cables and wood
Fabrics and in the air, this design created traction resistance Drag large,
So the engineers vehicles plane finally produced mono-plane wing monoplane,
I gave one wing of this plane a lot of advantages Calcrah
And the simplicity and quality of vision for the pilot.
After the First World War 1914-1918 stylists began to move
Toward the wings are made of steel and aluminum, or mixtures of modern technology,
These minerals have contributed to the evolution of metal wings entirely, not only to increase
Leverage but also to contain the arm downward and weapons and fuel.
Integrated aircraft
BMR and years, I think a lot of designers aircraft that the aircraft ideal
Must - in fact - not only be two wings, and the wings of the plane were here
- As it is called - the first thing that has been developed in the years 1930 to 1940.
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